Two Superpowers Face Off
Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945)
*Great Britain-U.S.-Soviet Union decide how to divide up Europe and Germany after WWII is over.
Countries agree to allow free elections in countries they occupy
United Nations (June 1945)
*U.S. & Soviet Union + 48 countries form the United Nations
*General Assembly-All countries meet to talk and vote on issues
*Security Council- II countries
*China-Soviet Union-U.S.-Britain-France-have veto power, + 6 more countries that change
Has real power to authoruze military force and keep peace in the world
U.S. vs. Soviet Goals
U.S.
Democracy
*United Germany
*Promote stable democratic govts. in Europe, so countries can trade with the U.S.
Soviet Union
Communism
Divided Germany
Spread Communism to Europe
*Control European countries to use their resources and to protect the Soviet Union from war
Countries controlled by Soviet Union-Satellite Nations
Containment
*Keep Communism from spreading
Truman Doctrine
*Support the govt. of any country that is not communist
Marshall Plan
*Rebuild countries in Europe that were destroyed by WWII so they will not become communist, and so they will become strong trading partners with the U.S.
Communist China
After WWII
Mao's Communists battle with Jiang Jieshi's Nationalists
U.S. $2 billion
October 1949-Mao's Communists win control of China
U.S. help Taiwan (Jiang Jieshi)
->Jiang Jieshi flees to the tiny island of Taiwan
->The new Communist China invades Tibet and Mongolia
The Korean War
June 25, 1950
Communist North Korea invades South Korea
November 1950
General MacArthur and U.N. Troops trap N. Korea troops, and then push them back to the Yalu R.
End of Korean War
China and the U.S. pour troops into the war but neither North or South Korea is victorious.
July 1953
*Cease fire agreement is signed
38th Parallel
*The border is almost the same place it was before the war
54,000
*U.S. Soldiers killed
5,000,000
*Total soldiers and civilians die
1994
*Kim Jong II, communist dictator rules N. Korea develops nuclear weapons
1960s
*South Korea ruled by dictators
1987
*Democratic constitution; strong economy
The Fear of Communism
The Loyalty Review Board
*Begins investigating the Loyalty of federal employees in 1947
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
*Investigates all citizens inside and outside the govt.
Hollywood Ten
*Refused to testify before the HUAC because they believed people's constitutional rights were being violated
500 Hollywood actors, directors, etc.
*Were blacklisted and couldn't find work in their profession
*Careers were ruined
Alger Hiss and Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
*Alger Hiss-first to tries for spying
*Rosenbergs are convicted of passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union
*Both are executed on very little evidence
Senator Joseph McCarthy
*Begins attacking and accusing many people in the U.S. and the U.S. govt. of being Communists. "Fear Tactics"
Army hearings 1954
*1954--McCarthy accuses leaders of the Army of being communists
*People finally turn against him
*The U.S. Senate condemned him for improper conduct
U.S.
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
U.S. & Canada
->Western Europe
->Military Alliance
Soviet Union
Warsaw Pact
Eastern Europe
->Soviet Union
->Military Alliance
Brinkmanship
"If you try anything we'll retaliate instantly!!"
Missiles/Space Race
Rocket technology used to deliver nuclear weapons
Cold War Tensions
U.S.
Nov.1, 1952
First H-Bomb
Stockpiling massive numbers of nuclear weapons
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)-begins secret activities to change or overthrow governments that are unfriendly to the U.S.
Soviet Union
August 1953
First Soviet Union H-Bomb
Stockpiling massive numbers of nuclear weapons
Suez Crisis
October 1916
*Soviets threaten to use Nuclear Weapons
U.N. imposed cease fire
Eisenhower and The Cold War
1953
*Stalin dies. NEW LEADER:Nikita Khrushchev publicly criticizes Stalin for committing crimes against his people
July 1955
*Eisenhower and Khrushchev summit meeting in Geneva. Hope that the Cold War will be over
November 1956
*Soviet Union cracks down on protesters in Hungary who demanded more liberties
*30,000 killed
*U.S. sends protests-no military aid
Eisenhower Doctrine
*U.S. will use military force to defend the Middle East from Communism
October 4, 1957
*Soviets send first satellite into space-"Sputnik"
January 31, 1958
*First U.S. satellite
*SPACE RACE BEGINS*
*To develop rocket technology to deliver weapons
U-2 incident
Soviets shoot down U.S. spy plane over Russia-Pilot:Francis Gary Powers
Cold War tensions get worse
Monday, January 26, 2009
Wednesday, January 21, 2009
U.S. History Ch. 19 Notes
Postwar America
G.I. Bill Of Rights
>To help WWII veterans
>Tuition for education
>1 year's unemployment pay
>Loans for businesses and farms
Economic Growth
>After the Great Depression and WWII the U.S. economy grows like never before.
>America becomes the "affluent society"
-Savings from War Bonds; Cold War Defense spending
Harry S. Truman
>Democratic president in 1945
>Supports:
-Civil Rights-desegregates military
-Farmers and unions
-National health insurance
>A conservative congress fails to pass most of the measures Truman wants
>Truman orders to end desegregation in hiring of govt. employees
General Dwight D. Eisenhower
>Elected president in 1952-Republican
>A strong president to defend against communism
>Conservative on Civil Rights
"I don't believe you can change the hearts of men with laws or decisions
Baby boom
>Soldiers come home; women laid off working
>More babies are born than in any other generation
The Other America
The 1950s
*Was a time for great economic prosperity-mostly for wealthier White Americans
*40 million Americans live in poverty and don't see this economic growth
*Many of the poor are minorities who end up living in run down, filthy conditions in cities.
They live seperated from wealthier Americans in areas called ghettos
Braceros
*During WWII hired hands are needed to do temporary work. The U.S. set up this program to hire Mexicans who are supposed to return to Mexico
1953-55
*U.S. deports 2 million Mexicans and other illegal aliens
*Mexican/Latin American immigrants suffer
1948
*California Supreme Court ends segregated classrooms for Mexican Americans
*Mendez v. Westminster (1946)
G.I. Bill Of Rights
>To help WWII veterans
>Tuition for education
>1 year's unemployment pay
>Loans for businesses and farms
Economic Growth
>After the Great Depression and WWII the U.S. economy grows like never before.
>America becomes the "affluent society"
-Savings from War Bonds; Cold War Defense spending
Harry S. Truman
>Democratic president in 1945
>Supports:
-Civil Rights-desegregates military
-Farmers and unions
-National health insurance
>A conservative congress fails to pass most of the measures Truman wants
>Truman orders to end desegregation in hiring of govt. employees
General Dwight D. Eisenhower
>Elected president in 1952-Republican
>A strong president to defend against communism
>Conservative on Civil Rights
"I don't believe you can change the hearts of men with laws or decisions
Baby boom
>Soldiers come home; women laid off working
>More babies are born than in any other generation
The Other America
The 1950s
*Was a time for great economic prosperity-mostly for wealthier White Americans
*40 million Americans live in poverty and don't see this economic growth
*Many of the poor are minorities who end up living in run down, filthy conditions in cities.
They live seperated from wealthier Americans in areas called ghettos
Braceros
*During WWII hired hands are needed to do temporary work. The U.S. set up this program to hire Mexicans who are supposed to return to Mexico
1953-55
*U.S. deports 2 million Mexicans and other illegal aliens
*Mexican/Latin American immigrants suffer
1948
*California Supreme Court ends segregated classrooms for Mexican Americans
*Mendez v. Westminster (1946)
Tuesday, January 13, 2009
U.S. History CH. 17 Notes
Mobilization on the Home Front
1. Selective Service System
-> Men 18+ must register fort the military draft
-> Provided 10 million troops
2. Women
-> 250,000 served in support roles in the military (WAAC)
-> 6 million worked in industry for the war
3. Minorities
Served in the military:
-> 500,000 Mexican-Americans
-> 1 million African-Americans
-> 13,000 Chinese
-> 33,000 Japanese
-> 25,000 Native Americans
4. Manufacturers
-> Converted factories to production of weapons and war goods
-> Built more shipyards and defense plants
5. A. Philip Randolph
-Organized a march on Washington that got Pres. Roosevelt to issue an order calling an end to discrimination in war industries.
6. Office of Scientific Research and Development
-> Brought improvement in radar and sonar
-> Use of pesticides to fight insects
-> Developed penicillin and other drugs to save lives
-> Developed the atomic bomb
7. Entertainment
-> Produced war time propaganda films
-> Created films that allowed people to escape the horrors of war
-> Informed the public about the war
8. Office of Price Administration
-> Fought inflation
-> Set prices on most goods
->Created a system of rationing goods that were essential to the military
9. War Production Board
-> Coordinated and oversaw the conversion of all industries to wartime production
-> Decided how to divide up raw materials
-> Organized recycling drives for valuable resources
10. Rationing
-> Households received ration books with a fined number of coupons for buying scarce goods that the military needed such as gasoline.
Japan and the War in the Pacific
1. Japanese Agression in Asia
* Threatens U.S. controlled Guam and Philippine Islands
*U.S. cuts off oil shipment to Japan
2. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
*Dec. 7, 1941
* 2,400 Americans killed
*Most of U.S. Pacific Naval ships wiped out
3. Japan
Takes over:
*Guam
*Wake Is.
*Philippines
4. Bataan Death March
*150,000 U.S. prisoners marched until most of them die
*Feb. 1942
5. 1942
*U.S. bombers make it through and bomb Tokyo and other Japanese cities
6. Battle of Midway Island
*U.S. planes surprise the Japanese
*Destroy 250 Japanese planes and all four Japanese Aircraft carriers
7. The Tide Turns
*Now Allies hop from island to island and advanced on Japan
Allied Plan for Victory
1.Defeat Germany first
2.Attack on two fronts
Britain and the U.S. agreed on the ATLANTIC CHARTER
Germany---> Soviet Union
Allies (Great Britain/U.S.)
3.Accept only unconditional surrender
Allies Defeat Rommel in N. Africa
Nov. 8, 1942
U.S. Gen. Eisenhower
+107,000 U.S. troops land in Morocco & Algeria
May 1943
Desert Fox and German Army smashed
Nov. 3, 1942
Gen. Montgomery beats Rommel-Germany retreats
1943- Germany Losing on 2 Fronts
Feb. 2, 1943
German army surrenders at Stalingrad
July 10, 1943
Allied forces invade Italy
U.S. Mobilizes for war
*1940-45 U.S. factories convert to wartime production
*18 million workers
*many women
*$288 billion
*June 3, 1942
U.S. defeats Japan at the Battle of Midway Is.
Turning point in the War in the Pacific
*Feb. 19, 1942
U.S. fears attacks from Japan
120,000 Japanese-Americans are placed in internment camps on the west coast
Allied Victory in Europe
*June 6, 1944
D-Day-Allies invade Normandy beaches and push towards Germany
*Dec, 16, 1944
German Tanks surprise Allies at the Battle of the Bulge
*May 7, 1945
Hitler commits suicide.
Germany surrenders
Victory in the Pacific
*June 22, 1945
U.S. takes Okinawa after bloodiest WWII battle
U.S. estimates 500,000 U.S. lives would be lost taking Japan by land
*July 1945
Japan refuses to surrender
The Impact of WWII at Home in the U.S.
Economic Prosperity
WWII ends the Great Depression
-> Unemployment: 24.9%- 1932 --> 1.2%-1944
-> Average paycheck increases 70%
->Farmers income triples
->6 million women find new jobs
-Women are forced or pressured to leave jobs when men return from the war
Migration
->Many people move to cities where there are weapons plants
->African-Americans continue to migrate from the south
G.I. Bill of Rights
->Provided education and training for veterans returning from the war.
African-Americans
->U.S. military remains segregated in WWII
->Blacks finally allowed to participate in combat
-Many are decorated for distinguished service
Mexican Americans
->Serve in segregated units
->Many distinguished themselves in combat
"Zoot Suit" Riots
->White soldiers start a riot against Mexican-Americans who wear Zoot Suits(1943)
*Aug. 6 & 9, 1945
U.S. drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
-200,000 lives (mostly civilians) lost.
*Sept. 2, 1945
Japanese surrender to Gen. Douglas MacArthur
1. Selective Service System
-> Men 18+ must register fort the military draft
-> Provided 10 million troops
2. Women
-> 250,000 served in support roles in the military (WAAC)
-> 6 million worked in industry for the war
3. Minorities
Served in the military:
-> 500,000 Mexican-Americans
-> 1 million African-Americans
-> 13,000 Chinese
-> 33,000 Japanese
-> 25,000 Native Americans
4. Manufacturers
-> Converted factories to production of weapons and war goods
-> Built more shipyards and defense plants
5. A. Philip Randolph
-Organized a march on Washington that got Pres. Roosevelt to issue an order calling an end to discrimination in war industries.
6. Office of Scientific Research and Development
-> Brought improvement in radar and sonar
-> Use of pesticides to fight insects
-> Developed penicillin and other drugs to save lives
-> Developed the atomic bomb
7. Entertainment
-> Produced war time propaganda films
-> Created films that allowed people to escape the horrors of war
-> Informed the public about the war
8. Office of Price Administration
-> Fought inflation
-> Set prices on most goods
->Created a system of rationing goods that were essential to the military
9. War Production Board
-> Coordinated and oversaw the conversion of all industries to wartime production
-> Decided how to divide up raw materials
-> Organized recycling drives for valuable resources
10. Rationing
-> Households received ration books with a fined number of coupons for buying scarce goods that the military needed such as gasoline.
Japan and the War in the Pacific
1. Japanese Agression in Asia
* Threatens U.S. controlled Guam and Philippine Islands
*U.S. cuts off oil shipment to Japan
2. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
*Dec. 7, 1941
* 2,400 Americans killed
*Most of U.S. Pacific Naval ships wiped out
3. Japan
Takes over:
*Guam
*Wake Is.
*Philippines
4. Bataan Death March
*150,000 U.S. prisoners marched until most of them die
*Feb. 1942
5. 1942
*U.S. bombers make it through and bomb Tokyo and other Japanese cities
6. Battle of Midway Island
*U.S. planes surprise the Japanese
*Destroy 250 Japanese planes and all four Japanese Aircraft carriers
7. The Tide Turns
*Now Allies hop from island to island and advanced on Japan
Allied Plan for Victory
1.Defeat Germany first
2.Attack on two fronts
Britain and the U.S. agreed on the ATLANTIC CHARTER
Germany---> Soviet Union
Allies (Great Britain/U.S.)
3.Accept only unconditional surrender
Allies Defeat Rommel in N. Africa
Nov. 8, 1942
U.S. Gen. Eisenhower
+107,000 U.S. troops land in Morocco & Algeria
May 1943
Desert Fox and German Army smashed
Nov. 3, 1942
Gen. Montgomery beats Rommel-Germany retreats
1943- Germany Losing on 2 Fronts
Feb. 2, 1943
German army surrenders at Stalingrad
July 10, 1943
Allied forces invade Italy
U.S. Mobilizes for war
*1940-45 U.S. factories convert to wartime production
*18 million workers
*many women
*$288 billion
*June 3, 1942
U.S. defeats Japan at the Battle of Midway Is.
Turning point in the War in the Pacific
*Feb. 19, 1942
U.S. fears attacks from Japan
120,000 Japanese-Americans are placed in internment camps on the west coast
Allied Victory in Europe
*June 6, 1944
D-Day-Allies invade Normandy beaches and push towards Germany
*Dec, 16, 1944
German Tanks surprise Allies at the Battle of the Bulge
*May 7, 1945
Hitler commits suicide.
Germany surrenders
Victory in the Pacific
*June 22, 1945
U.S. takes Okinawa after bloodiest WWII battle
U.S. estimates 500,000 U.S. lives would be lost taking Japan by land
*July 1945
Japan refuses to surrender
The Impact of WWII at Home in the U.S.
Economic Prosperity
WWII ends the Great Depression
-> Unemployment: 24.9%- 1932 --> 1.2%-1944
-> Average paycheck increases 70%
->Farmers income triples
->6 million women find new jobs
-Women are forced or pressured to leave jobs when men return from the war
Migration
->Many people move to cities where there are weapons plants
->African-Americans continue to migrate from the south
G.I. Bill of Rights
->Provided education and training for veterans returning from the war.
African-Americans
->U.S. military remains segregated in WWII
->Blacks finally allowed to participate in combat
-Many are decorated for distinguished service
Mexican Americans
->Serve in segregated units
->Many distinguished themselves in combat
"Zoot Suit" Riots
->White soldiers start a riot against Mexican-Americans who wear Zoot Suits(1943)
*Aug. 6 & 9, 1945
U.S. drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
-200,000 lives (mostly civilians) lost.
*Sept. 2, 1945
Japanese surrender to Gen. Douglas MacArthur
Friday, January 9, 2009
U.S. History CH. 16 Notes
"WORLD WAR LOOMS"
GLOBAL DEPRESSION
The impact of WWI on Europe:
Governments:
Agression and Reaction
Japan Invades CHina (1931)
League of Nations protests
Japan ignores protests and withdraws from the League of Nations
League of Nations has no power to do anything
Mussolini attacks Ethiopia (1935)
Ethiopian leader Haile Selassie appeals to League of Nations for help
League of Nations condemns the attack
League of Nations does nothing!
Hitler's Military Agression
Hitler defies the Versailles Treaty and rebuild's Germnay's military
League of Nations- condemns Germnay but does nothing
Hitler- signs Rome-Berlin Axis Pact with Mussolini and Italy
1936- German troops move into Rhineland
British urge appeasement
U.S. follows policy of isolationism
March 1938- Hitler marches into Austria and annexes it (France and Britain ignore their pledge to protect Austria)
Hitler demands Sudetenland from Czechoslovokia
Czech's ask France and Britain for help
Britain allows Hitler to take Sudetenland at the Munich Conference
1939- Hitler's troops take all of Czechoslovokia
The German Offensive
March 15, 1939- Hitler's troops take over Czechoslovokia
Aug. 23, 1939- Soviet Union and Germany sign a nonagression pact
Poland using blitzkrieg tactic
Sept. 1, 1939- Germany invade
Sept. 3, 1939- Britain and France declare war on Germany
Sept. 1939- April 1940- sitzkrieg, "phony war"- an eerie period of calm when neither side does anything
April 9, 1940- Germany invades and takes over Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg
April 9, 1940- France surrenders to Germany
Germany Vs. France and Britain
British Pilots use radar to stop German bombing and invasion of Britain
The Nazi Holocaust
Jews blamed for Germany's problems
Nuremburg Laws- Jews segregated
Kristallnacht- first open violence against Jews in Germany
Ghettos- Jews closed off and die through starvation and disease
Over 1 million Jews and Slavic civilians shot to death in Russia
Jewish Refugees not accepted in other countries
FINAL SOLUTION- six million Jews systematically gassed to death in concentration camps
Jewish Refugees and the U.S.
Jewish Refugees
-U.S. accepts 60,000 Jewish refugees per year from Germany and Eutope, including physicist Albert Einstein
Immigration Quotas
U.S. maintains strict immigration quotas during WWII
St. Louis
U.S. government refuses to allow Refugees to land in the U.S. -(a ship full of Jewish refugees who are pleading for a place to find safety) Many become victims of the holocaust when the ship is forced to return to Europe
Deaths
-6,000,000 Jews die in German death camps because the U.S. and other countries will not take in more refugees
Hate
-Prejudice against Jewish people (anti-Semitism) still existed in the U.S.
Fear
-Fear that refugees would take jobs from American workers during the depression
-Fear that the "enemy agents" might come into the country as refugees
U.S. Policy before WWII
Isolationism
-U.S. policy to take care of its own problems at home and not get involved in wars with other countries
Kellog-Briand pact (1928)
- U.S. and 61 other nations pledge never to go to war again.
"Merchants of death"
-many people believe the U.S. was led into WWI by wealthy bankers and weapons manufacturers who made a lot of money off the war
Neutrality Acts (1935)
-Congress passed laws saying the U.S. shall not sell arms or give loans to nations involved in wars or civil wars
Neutrality breaks down
-U.S. sends food and clothing to anti-fascist forces in Spain
U.S. sends arms and supplies to China
Quarantine Speech (1937)
-FDR says the U.S. should take action to contain the 10% of the world that is destroying all peace and security
America Moves Toward War
U.S. moves away from neutrality
Cash and Carry
-this allowed nations to buy the U.S. weapons if they paid cash and carry them on their own ships.
1940
U.S. greatly increases defense spending
1940 The Selective Service Act
-16 million young men registered- first peacetime military draft
1941 Lend-Lease Act
U.S. will lend or lease arms to any country whose defense was vital to the U.S. --> Britain (Ran out of cash to pay for weapons)
June 1941
Roosevelt orders U.S. Navy to protect shipments of weapons to Britain. German U-boats begin firing on U.S. navy ships. Roosevelt orders the U.S. navy to return fire when fired on by...
Germans= "Rattlesnakes of the Atlantic"
GLOBAL DEPRESSION
The impact of WWI on Europe:
Governments:
- Many countries in Europe have democracies for the first time including:
France
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Germany
(Russia)
- New democracies have many political parties and must form weak coalition governments
- Weak democracies/weak leadership
Economics:
European economies are war torn and rebuilding after WWi
U.S. economy was strong- loans to European nations
Surviving the Great Depression
The crisis makes it hard for democratic governments to survive...
Britain
Forms a coalition national government that preserves democracy
France
-Socialist coalition called the "Popular Front" helps, workers, but democracy is preserved.
Scandanavian countries
--Socialiast Democratic governments meet the challenge of economic crisis successfully
The United States
_President Franklin D. Roosevelt begins government programs which provide jobs, and help banks and businesses
These programs are called the New Deal
Democracy in America survives
Germany after WWI
Callled the Weimar Republic
This government is blamed for the Versailles Treaty and Germany's economic problems
Too many Political Parties
No strong leader
Economic Problems:
Germany prints money to pay off debts
Inflation becomes severe:
1 loaf of bread:
1918= 1 mark
1922=160 marks
1923=200 billion marks
U.S. provides the Dawes Plan to aid Germany
-$200 million in loans to strengthen Germany's economy
Agression and Reaction
Japan Invades CHina (1931)
League of Nations protests
Japan ignores protests and withdraws from the League of Nations
League of Nations has no power to do anything
Mussolini attacks Ethiopia (1935)
Ethiopian leader Haile Selassie appeals to League of Nations for help
League of Nations condemns the attack
League of Nations does nothing!
Hitler's Military Agression
Hitler defies the Versailles Treaty and rebuild's Germnay's military
League of Nations- condemns Germnay but does nothing
Hitler- signs Rome-Berlin Axis Pact with Mussolini and Italy
1936- German troops move into Rhineland
British urge appeasement
U.S. follows policy of isolationism
March 1938- Hitler marches into Austria and annexes it (France and Britain ignore their pledge to protect Austria)
Hitler demands Sudetenland from Czechoslovokia
Czech's ask France and Britain for help
Britain allows Hitler to take Sudetenland at the Munich Conference
1939- Hitler's troops take all of Czechoslovokia
The German Offensive
March 15, 1939- Hitler's troops take over Czechoslovokia
Aug. 23, 1939- Soviet Union and Germany sign a nonagression pact
Poland using blitzkrieg tactic
Sept. 1, 1939- Germany invade
Sept. 3, 1939- Britain and France declare war on Germany
Sept. 1939- April 1940- sitzkrieg, "phony war"- an eerie period of calm when neither side does anything
April 9, 1940- Germany invades and takes over Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg
April 9, 1940- France surrenders to Germany
Germany Vs. France and Britain
British Pilots use radar to stop German bombing and invasion of Britain
The Nazi Holocaust
Jews blamed for Germany's problems
Nuremburg Laws- Jews segregated
Kristallnacht- first open violence against Jews in Germany
Ghettos- Jews closed off and die through starvation and disease
Over 1 million Jews and Slavic civilians shot to death in Russia
Jewish Refugees not accepted in other countries
FINAL SOLUTION- six million Jews systematically gassed to death in concentration camps
Jewish Refugees and the U.S.
Jewish Refugees
-U.S. accepts 60,000 Jewish refugees per year from Germany and Eutope, including physicist Albert Einstein
Immigration Quotas
U.S. maintains strict immigration quotas during WWII
St. Louis
U.S. government refuses to allow Refugees to land in the U.S. -(a ship full of Jewish refugees who are pleading for a place to find safety) Many become victims of the holocaust when the ship is forced to return to Europe
Deaths
-6,000,000 Jews die in German death camps because the U.S. and other countries will not take in more refugees
Hate
-Prejudice against Jewish people (anti-Semitism) still existed in the U.S.
Fear
-Fear that refugees would take jobs from American workers during the depression
-Fear that the "enemy agents" might come into the country as refugees
U.S. Policy before WWII
Isolationism
-U.S. policy to take care of its own problems at home and not get involved in wars with other countries
Kellog-Briand pact (1928)
- U.S. and 61 other nations pledge never to go to war again.
"Merchants of death"
-many people believe the U.S. was led into WWI by wealthy bankers and weapons manufacturers who made a lot of money off the war
Neutrality Acts (1935)
-Congress passed laws saying the U.S. shall not sell arms or give loans to nations involved in wars or civil wars
Neutrality breaks down
-U.S. sends food and clothing to anti-fascist forces in Spain
U.S. sends arms and supplies to China
Quarantine Speech (1937)
-FDR says the U.S. should take action to contain the 10% of the world that is destroying all peace and security
America Moves Toward War
U.S. moves away from neutrality
Cash and Carry
-this allowed nations to buy the U.S. weapons if they paid cash and carry them on their own ships.
1940
U.S. greatly increases defense spending
1940 The Selective Service Act
-16 million young men registered- first peacetime military draft
1941 Lend-Lease Act
U.S. will lend or lease arms to any country whose defense was vital to the U.S. --> Britain (Ran out of cash to pay for weapons)
June 1941
Roosevelt orders U.S. Navy to protect shipments of weapons to Britain. German U-boats begin firing on U.S. navy ships. Roosevelt orders the U.S. navy to return fire when fired on by...
Germans= "Rattlesnakes of the Atlantic"
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
