U.S. History CH. 23 Notes

Growing Presence of Latino Americans

Mexican Americans
-Here before Mex-AM War
-Came after violence in 1910
-Braceros-during WWII
-1960s-today-many illegally crossed the borders


Puerto Ricans
-1 million migrated to Northeast U.S.
-600,000 in NYC


Latino Americans
-2006-15% of U.S. pop.
-2008-44% of N.M. pop.
-Largest U.S. minority


"Coyotes"- help poor Latinos to cross U.S. border illegally for a fee often dishonest


Cubans
-Most came to U.S. after Castro took over Cuba
-Most settled in Miami


Salvadoreans, Guatemalans, Nicaraguans, Colombians
-Came to U.S. to escape civil wars, brutal dictatorship and poverty

Latino Americans in the U.S.

Prejudice

Discrimination in jobs and housing

Segregation
-Barrios-segregated neighborhoods

Organizations to fight back
-United Farm Workers
-MAPA
-La Raza Unida









Latino American Rights

Latino Americans are the fastest growing minority in America and are now the largest minority


Farm Workers
*Hard work for little pay or benefits
*Cesar Chavez sought to organize and unionize Latino American farm workers using nonviolent means
*United Farm Workers-farm workers union formed by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta
*1965-1970 Grape boycott-Chavez organized a boycott of grapes in supermarkets all across the country, until the farm owners recognized the UFW and gave them better pay and benefits
*Bilingual Education Act of 1968-provided for bilingual education and cultural heritage programs in schools



Native Americans
*Have suffered highest unemployment and poverty rate. Also have suffered more from suicidem health problems, and alcoholism.

*American Indian Movement (AIM)-militant Native American movement started in 1968 confronting the government to demand recognition of Nat. Am.'s poor treatment throughout history

-1969-Occupation of Alcatraz Island for 18 months

-1973-Protest in Wounded Knee -> against poor living conditions

-1972- Indian Education Act

-1975-Indian Self-Determination and Ed. Assistance Act









Women's Rights

Feminism
*The belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men

Civil Rights Act of 1964
*Prohibits discrimination based on "gender"

The problem:1950
*Only 1 in 3 women worked

*Many jobs (e.g. construction, military combat) were closed to women

*Women were still paid less for the same work in many cases

*Women were rarely promoted to highee level management positions

*Women are supposed to stay at home, take care of children, cook, clean house and have babies


Betty Friedan
*Writes "The Feminism Mystique: about women's modern feeling of emptiness at being stuck at home


Gloria Steinem
*Organize N.O.W. to actively work for women's rights


The Equal Rights Amendment (E.R.A.)
*Constitutional amendment passes in 35 states/38 needed


Results
*Female Law Sch. Grad.
-1970-5%
-2000-49%

*Med. Sch.
-1970-8%
-2007-49%

*Women Working
-1950-29%
-2007-75%

Women in Congress
-1975-19
-2009-93 (76-HR, 17-S)









Women's Movement vs. New Right

Gloria Steinem
-> N.O.W.

->Ms. Magazine

->Pro-E.R.A.

->Roc v. Wade
*Pro abortion rights

->New attitudes!

->New oppurtunities!

->New rights for women!

->No more job and wage discrimination!

->Feminism



Phyllis Schlafly

->"Stop E.R.A." campaign

->Anti-abortion

->Traditional family

->Traditional moral values

->Women belong in the home caring for families

->Equal rights will mean women will be drafted and husbands won't have to pay child support!

->Conservative









60s Counterculture

*Long Hair

*Drug Use
-LSD
-Marijuana

*Colorful clothes

*Rock music

*American materialistic society is B-A-D!

*Peace & Love



*Liberal views on sexuality

*Communes
-peaceful cooperative living

*Eastern Religions
-Zen Buddhism
-Transcendental Meditation



Results
+New Art-Andy Warhol
+New clothing styles
+Woodstock-music festival
+New perspective
*On religion
*On sexuality
*On lifestyles
*On the govt.
*On peace and war


x Drug overdoses
x Charles Manson/violence
x Many live off welfare
x Moral decay
x Conservative reaction
*Republicans win 1968 election
*Country turns conservative (Pres. Reagan/Bush)