Conservatives Win Political Power
Ronald Reagan
->Republican-elected President-1980
->Former movie actor
->Former governor of Californoa
->George Bush (Sr.) is vice president
->Elected by a conservative coalition:
*Big business leaders
*Fundamentalist Christians
*Frustrated middle class Americans and Democrats
Goals of the Conservative Movement
- and Ronald Reagan
->Less government spending
*On entitlement programs
*Less money spent on the poor, minorities and the environment
->Promoting traditional moral values
* "Families"--not gay rights or women's liberation
*Opposed lgel abortions
->Less government regulation of businesses
*Fewer environmental restrictions
*Fewer restrictions in investment
->Lower taxes
*On businesses and investment
*For most well off Americans
->Strong Defense
*Tough on Communism-the "Evil Empire"
*Increased military spending
*More contracts for big weapons manufacturers
"Reaganomics"-Supply-side Economics
ERTA-Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981
*No cuts in social programs for wealthy and middle-class Americans (social security, Medicare)'
*Tax cuts-On business investment
-for most Americans
-especially wealthiest Americans
*Less government regulation of business
Big businesses & wealthiest Americans get wealthier right away
More investment will create
-more businesses
-new products
More jobs
More income for everyone
More tax revenue paid to the U.S. government Even though tax rates are lower
Trickle Down Theory
Supply-side economics:If the wealthy and big businesses have more money they will invest it in new businesses which will create more jobs->eventually everyone will have more money including the poor.
->Social programs cut:Welfare, job-trainingm school lunches
->No big tax cuts for the poor
->No significant increase in jobs for poor Americans
The government never gets more revenue from taxes
National Debt 1981-1989
The national debt increases dramatically.
Domestic Issues Under President Reagan
The Supreme Court
->Becomes more conservative
*Reagan appoints Sandra Day O'Connor-first woman Supreme Court Justice
*She was conservative
*Reagan also appoints conservative Justices Scalia and Kennedy
*Reagan appoints conservative Justice William Rehnquist as Chief Justice
*President Bush appoints conservative justices David Souter and Clarence Thomas
*Now the court has more conservative justices:
*1989-Ct. restricts a woman's right to abortion
*new restrictions on Civil Rights laws
*1990-91-Narrowed rights of arrested persons
Savings and Loan Scandal
->Reagan deregulates Savings and Loan bank
*Allows banks to make more risky investment
*U.S. government still insures customer accounts
*Charles Keating and other bank presidencies lose billions of dollars of customer's money
*The federal government (and taxpayers) must pay over $187 billion to make up for losses
The Environment
*Reagan appointed administrators of the EPA who supported business
*Encouraged timber cutting in national forests
*Fired hundreds of inspectors
Domestic Problems 1980-1992
Abortion
->Supreme Court rules that government clinics for the poor do not have to provide abortions
Drug Abuse
->Unemployed youth sell crack cocaine and other drugs on city streets. Gang violence increases
*Bush and Reagan call for a "War on drugs"
*Nancy Reagan starts "Just say no!" to drugs
Education
->U.S. students test scores are lower than other countries. Many 17 year old Americans can not read. Drop out rate increases
Urban Violence
->(1992) Violence erupts in L.A. after police who were videotaped beating Rodney King are aquitted of wrong doing by a mostly white jury. 51 people killed; $1 billion in damage
African Americans
->(1980s) Many African American mayors of large cities; governor of Virginia. Jesse Jackson runs for president in 1984, 1988.
Latino Americans
->(1980s) Latino governor of New Mexico and Florida; mayors of several large cities. Lauro Cavazos-Secretary of Education;Dr. Antonia Coello Novello-Surgeon General
Native Americans
Allowed to open casinos on tribal land. New monry for jobs to end poverty.
Asian Americans
->Second fastest growing minority
Daniel Inouye
->U.S. Senator from Hawaii
Gays and Lesbians
->Become more vocal seeking funding for AIDS research;end to hate crimes;end to discrimination in hiring
Iran-Contra Scandal
1983-Iranian terrorist group takes U.S. citizens hostage in Lebanon.
Reagan tells U.S. allies not to sell arms to Contras
Reagan secretly sells arms to Iran in exchange for hostages
The Boland Amendment passed by the U.S. Congress says military aid to Contras is prohibited.
Money from Iranian arms sale goes to fund Contras who were fighting Communism in Nicaragua.
Contras
Backed by the C.I.A.
Did Reagan know about this?? Should he be impeached??
Mikhail Gorbachev Reforms the Soviet Union
Gorbachev
->Becomes the Soviet Union's new, young leader in 1985.
Gorbachev's New Policies
--Glasnost
(1985)-"Free flow of ideas and information"
*Churches open
*People who criticized the govt. are freed from prison
*Newspapers can criticize the govt.
--Perestroika
-Greater freedom in the economy: (1985)
*More local control of farms and factories
*Some people allowed to make money in private businesses
Democratization
(1987)-People can elect the legislative body
Foreign policy
->Diplomatic/talking not force
ARMS CONTROL/INF Treaty
Collapse of the Soviet Union
March 1990
->Lithuiania declares its independence from the Soviet Union
January 1991
->Gorbachev cracks down on the rebellion-kills 14 in Lithuiana
Gorbachev loses popularity
->Poor economy assault on Lithuiana
June 1991
->Boris Yeltsin elected president of Russia
August 18, 1991
->Hard-line communists send tanks to take over Moscow in a coup
->Yeltsin climbs on a tank-soldiers side with Yeltsin and protesters
August 1991
->Soviet Communist Party Collapse
Dec. 15, 1991
->15 republics declare their independence
Dec 25, 1991
->Gorbachev resigns. Yeltsin and 11 republics form CIS-Commonwealth of Independent States
Monday, March 16, 2009
Monday, March 9, 2009
U.S. History CH. 24 Notes
The Nixon Administration
Problems
1. Size and power of the federal government
2.Ineffieciency of the welfare system
3.Vietnam War and domestic disorder
4. Nixon's reelection
5. Liberalism of Supreme Court justices
6.Stagflation and recession
7.U.S.-China relations
8.U.S.-Soviet relations
Policies
New Federalism-more power, revenue -> state & local govts.
Impoundment-held back funds for programs he didn't like
Nixon backed the Family Assistance Plan -> guaranteed income, but welfare recepients must find work. Did not pass.
Sought to end U.S. involvement in Vietnam, conducted peace talks.
Illegal FBI wiretaps and IRS investigations of suspicious groups and persons
Southern Strategy-win votes from southern states that didn't like civil rights laws. Worked to delay school desegregation. Opposed extending the Voting Rights Act
Appointed 4 new conservative Supreme Court Justices:Burger, Blackman, Rehnquist, and Powell
Raised interest rates to cut inflation.
90 day wage and price freeze
Detente-visited China, negotiated directly with the Chinese. Signed important agreements
Detente-visited Soviet Union. Signed agreement on West Berlin. Signed SALT I Treaty -> limiting nuclear weapons
President Nixon and Watergate
Nixon's foreign policy
->Nixon helps ease Cold War tension
->Nixon's visit to Communist China and the Soviet Union helps further the new policy of detente.
->Nixon pulls U.S. troops out of Vietnam
->Nixon signs SALT I Treaty with the Soviet Union, for Nuclear Arms limits (1972)
Watergate
->U.S. presidency has increased power under Nixon
->Nixon distances himself from others and relies on a small group of close advisers
->Nixon seeks reelection in 1972 "by any means possible."
->Nixon participates in a White House cover-up of their involvement in the burglary
->The Senate begins an investigation of possible White House involvement in the Watergate break-in
->Witnesses at these hearings accuse Nixon and other White House officials of orchestrating a cover-up
->Nixon refuses to release White House tape recordings that could prove his involvement in a cover-up
->The House Judiciary Committee votes to ask for impeachment of Nixo
Problems
1. Size and power of the federal government
2.Ineffieciency of the welfare system
3.Vietnam War and domestic disorder
4. Nixon's reelection
5. Liberalism of Supreme Court justices
6.Stagflation and recession
7.U.S.-China relations
8.U.S.-Soviet relations
Policies
New Federalism-more power, revenue -> state & local govts.
Impoundment-held back funds for programs he didn't like
Nixon backed the Family Assistance Plan -> guaranteed income, but welfare recepients must find work. Did not pass.
Sought to end U.S. involvement in Vietnam, conducted peace talks.
Illegal FBI wiretaps and IRS investigations of suspicious groups and persons
Southern Strategy-win votes from southern states that didn't like civil rights laws. Worked to delay school desegregation. Opposed extending the Voting Rights Act
Appointed 4 new conservative Supreme Court Justices:Burger, Blackman, Rehnquist, and Powell
Raised interest rates to cut inflation.
90 day wage and price freeze
Detente-visited China, negotiated directly with the Chinese. Signed important agreements
Detente-visited Soviet Union. Signed agreement on West Berlin. Signed SALT I Treaty -> limiting nuclear weapons
President Nixon and Watergate
Nixon's foreign policy
->Nixon helps ease Cold War tension
->Nixon's visit to Communist China and the Soviet Union helps further the new policy of detente.
->Nixon pulls U.S. troops out of Vietnam
->Nixon signs SALT I Treaty with the Soviet Union, for Nuclear Arms limits (1972)
Watergate
->U.S. presidency has increased power under Nixon
->Nixon distances himself from others and relies on a small group of close advisers
->Nixon seeks reelection in 1972 "by any means possible."
->Nixon participates in a White House cover-up of their involvement in the burglary
->The Senate begins an investigation of possible White House involvement in the Watergate break-in
->Witnesses at these hearings accuse Nixon and other White House officials of orchestrating a cover-up
->Nixon refuses to release White House tape recordings that could prove his involvement in a cover-up
->The House Judiciary Committee votes to ask for impeachment of Nixo
Monday, March 2, 2009
U.S. History CH. 23 Notes
Growing Presence of Latino Americans
Mexican Americans
-Here before Mex-AM War
-Came after violence in 1910
-Braceros-during WWII
-1960s-today-many illegally crossed the borders
Puerto Ricans
-1 million migrated to Northeast U.S.
-600,000 in NYC
Latino Americans
-2006-15% of U.S. pop.
-2008-44% of N.M. pop.
-Largest U.S. minority
"Coyotes"- help poor Latinos to cross U.S. border illegally for a fee often dishonest
Cubans
-Most came to U.S. after Castro took over Cuba
-Most settled in Miami
Salvadoreans, Guatemalans, Nicaraguans, Colombians
-Came to U.S. to escape civil wars, brutal dictatorship and poverty
Latino Americans in the U.S.
Prejudice
Discrimination in jobs and housing
Segregation
-Barrios-segregated neighborhoods
Organizations to fight back
-United Farm Workers
-MAPA
-La Raza Unida
Latino American Rights
Latino Americans are the fastest growing minority in America and are now the largest minority
Farm Workers
*Hard work for little pay or benefits
*Cesar Chavez sought to organize and unionize Latino American farm workers using nonviolent means
*United Farm Workers-farm workers union formed by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta
*1965-1970 Grape boycott-Chavez organized a boycott of grapes in supermarkets all across the country, until the farm owners recognized the UFW and gave them better pay and benefits
*Bilingual Education Act of 1968-provided for bilingual education and cultural heritage programs in schools
Native Americans
*Have suffered highest unemployment and poverty rate. Also have suffered more from suicidem health problems, and alcoholism.
*American Indian Movement (AIM)-militant Native American movement started in 1968 confronting the government to demand recognition of Nat. Am.'s poor treatment throughout history
-1969-Occupation of Alcatraz Island for 18 months
-1973-Protest in Wounded Knee -> against poor living conditions
-1972- Indian Education Act
-1975-Indian Self-Determination and Ed. Assistance Act
Women's Rights
Feminism
*The belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men
Civil Rights Act of 1964
*Prohibits discrimination based on "gender"
The problem:1950
*Only 1 in 3 women worked
*Many jobs (e.g. construction, military combat) were closed to women
*Women were still paid less for the same work in many cases
*Women were rarely promoted to highee level management positions
*Women are supposed to stay at home, take care of children, cook, clean house and have babies
Betty Friedan
*Writes "The Feminism Mystique: about women's modern feeling of emptiness at being stuck at home
Gloria Steinem
*Organize N.O.W. to actively work for women's rights
The Equal Rights Amendment (E.R.A.)
*Constitutional amendment passes in 35 states/38 needed
Results
*Female Law Sch. Grad.
-1970-5%
-2000-49%
*Med. Sch.
-1970-8%
-2007-49%
*Women Working
-1950-29%
-2007-75%
Women in Congress
-1975-19
-2009-93 (76-HR, 17-S)
Women's Movement vs. New Right
Gloria Steinem
-> N.O.W.
->Ms. Magazine
->Pro-E.R.A.
->Roc v. Wade
*Pro abortion rights
->New attitudes!
->New oppurtunities!
->New rights for women!
->No more job and wage discrimination!
->Feminism
Phyllis Schlafly
->"Stop E.R.A." campaign
->Anti-abortion
->Traditional family
->Traditional moral values
->Women belong in the home caring for families
->Equal rights will mean women will be drafted and husbands won't have to pay child support!
->Conservative
60s Counterculture
*Long Hair
*Drug Use
-LSD
-Marijuana
*Colorful clothes
*Rock music
*American materialistic society is B-A-D!
*Peace & Love
*Liberal views on sexuality
*Communes
-peaceful cooperative living
*Eastern Religions
-Zen Buddhism
-Transcendental Meditation
Results
+New Art-Andy Warhol
+New clothing styles
+Woodstock-music festival
+New perspective
*On religion
*On sexuality
*On lifestyles
*On the govt.
*On peace and war
x Drug overdoses
x Charles Manson/violence
x Many live off welfare
x Moral decay
x Conservative reaction
*Republicans win 1968 election
*Country turns conservative (Pres. Reagan/Bush)
Mexican Americans
-Here before Mex-AM War
-Came after violence in 1910
-Braceros-during WWII
-1960s-today-many illegally crossed the borders
Puerto Ricans
-1 million migrated to Northeast U.S.
-600,000 in NYC
Latino Americans
-2006-15% of U.S. pop.
-2008-44% of N.M. pop.
-Largest U.S. minority
"Coyotes"- help poor Latinos to cross U.S. border illegally for a fee often dishonest
Cubans
-Most came to U.S. after Castro took over Cuba
-Most settled in Miami
Salvadoreans, Guatemalans, Nicaraguans, Colombians
-Came to U.S. to escape civil wars, brutal dictatorship and poverty
Latino Americans in the U.S.
Prejudice
Discrimination in jobs and housing
Segregation
-Barrios-segregated neighborhoods
Organizations to fight back
-United Farm Workers
-MAPA
-La Raza Unida
Latino American Rights
Latino Americans are the fastest growing minority in America and are now the largest minority
Farm Workers
*Hard work for little pay or benefits
*Cesar Chavez sought to organize and unionize Latino American farm workers using nonviolent means
*United Farm Workers-farm workers union formed by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta
*1965-1970 Grape boycott-Chavez organized a boycott of grapes in supermarkets all across the country, until the farm owners recognized the UFW and gave them better pay and benefits
*Bilingual Education Act of 1968-provided for bilingual education and cultural heritage programs in schools
Native Americans
*Have suffered highest unemployment and poverty rate. Also have suffered more from suicidem health problems, and alcoholism.
*American Indian Movement (AIM)-militant Native American movement started in 1968 confronting the government to demand recognition of Nat. Am.'s poor treatment throughout history
-1969-Occupation of Alcatraz Island for 18 months
-1973-Protest in Wounded Knee -> against poor living conditions
-1972- Indian Education Act
-1975-Indian Self-Determination and Ed. Assistance Act
Women's Rights
Feminism
*The belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men
Civil Rights Act of 1964
*Prohibits discrimination based on "gender"
The problem:1950
*Only 1 in 3 women worked
*Many jobs (e.g. construction, military combat) were closed to women
*Women were still paid less for the same work in many cases
*Women were rarely promoted to highee level management positions
*Women are supposed to stay at home, take care of children, cook, clean house and have babies
Betty Friedan
*Writes "The Feminism Mystique: about women's modern feeling of emptiness at being stuck at home
Gloria Steinem
*Organize N.O.W. to actively work for women's rights
The Equal Rights Amendment (E.R.A.)
*Constitutional amendment passes in 35 states/38 needed
Results
*Female Law Sch. Grad.
-1970-5%
-2000-49%
*Med. Sch.
-1970-8%
-2007-49%
*Women Working
-1950-29%
-2007-75%
Women in Congress
-1975-19
-2009-93 (76-HR, 17-S)
Women's Movement vs. New Right
Gloria Steinem
-> N.O.W.
->Ms. Magazine
->Pro-E.R.A.
->Roc v. Wade
*Pro abortion rights
->New attitudes!
->New oppurtunities!
->New rights for women!
->No more job and wage discrimination!
->Feminism
Phyllis Schlafly
->"Stop E.R.A." campaign
->Anti-abortion
->Traditional family
->Traditional moral values
->Women belong in the home caring for families
->Equal rights will mean women will be drafted and husbands won't have to pay child support!
->Conservative
60s Counterculture
*Long Hair
*Drug Use
-LSD
-Marijuana
*Colorful clothes
*Rock music
*American materialistic society is B-A-D!
*Peace & Love
*Liberal views on sexuality
*Communes
-peaceful cooperative living
*Eastern Religions
-Zen Buddhism
-Transcendental Meditation
Results
+New Art-Andy Warhol
+New clothing styles
+Woodstock-music festival
+New perspective
*On religion
*On sexuality
*On lifestyles
*On the govt.
*On peace and war
x Drug overdoses
x Charles Manson/violence
x Many live off welfare
x Moral decay
x Conservative reaction
*Republicans win 1968 election
*Country turns conservative (Pres. Reagan/Bush)
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