Cold War Around the World
Developing Nations
U.S.
Gives aid to Third World (Developing Nations)
Military Aid Programs to Combat Poverty
Soviet Union
Gives weapons to Third World (Developing Nations)
Military & Technical Assistance
(SPIES)
Assassination Overthrow Govts.
CIA
KGB
U.S. gives money to Nonaligned Nations
->Neutral
->Independent
Soviet Union gives weapons to
-India
-Indonesia
KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR
Bay of Pigs Invasion
The U.S. military and the C.I.A. support Cuban rebels living in the United States. The rebels invade and attempr ro overthrow Fidel Castro's government in April 1960.
The invasion fails.
New president Kennedy is embarrassed
Berlin Crisis
Too many people are escaping from East Berlin to West Berlin. ->Khrushchev tries to take over West Berlin. ->He threatens war if Kennedy refuses to remove U.S. troops from West Berlin.
->Kennedy stands firm and doesn't remove U.S. troops.->Khrushchev builds the Berlin Wall.
Cuban Missile Crisis
--Oct. 14, 1962-U.S. spy planes spot nuclear missile sites in Cuba
--Oct. 22, 1962-Kennedy appears on TV to tell Americans he will stop this arms buildup, and to be prepared for a nuclear attack
--Oct. 24, 1962-U.S. naval ships quarantine the island of Cuba. They surround the island with a naval blockade. U.S. troops prepare to invade Cuba.
--Oct. 25, 1962-Soviet ships approach Cuba. They turn around at the last minute.
--Oct. 28, 1962-Khrushchev agrees to remove missiles from Cuba. In exchange, the U.S. agrees not to invade Cuba and to remove missiles from Turkey.
This leads to:
Hotline
A direct telephone line set up between the White House and the Kremlin to be used in emergencies.
Limited Test Ban Treaty
The U.S. and Soviet Union agree to stop all testing of nuclear weapons above ground.
Latin America [E/C]
Chile
->1970-Allende-freely elected Marxist
->1973-CIA-helps overthrow Allende
->Augusto Pinochet-brutal dictator takes over
Cuba
->1959-Fidel Castro-Communist revolutionary;overthrows Batista [dictator-U.S. supported]
->1960-Bay of Pigs-U.S. supports an invasion to overthrow Castro-invasion FAILS
->July 1962-Khrushchev/Soviet Union
-Begin putting nuclear missiles in Cuba
->October 1962-Cuban Missile Crisis
-U.S. President Kennedy blockades Cuba and prepares to invade
-Khrushchev agrees to remove missiles
Nicaragua & El Salvador
->U.S. supported dictator Somoza is overthrown by Communist Sandanistas
->U.S. supports Contras-anti-communist rebels
Kennedy's New Frontier
Not passed by Congress
->Domestic proposals:
o Medical care for the elderly
o Rebuild poor urban areas
o Improve education
->A conservative Congress did not pass Kennedy's new legislation
Passed by Congress
->Deficit Spending-to help the economy out of its recession
o 20% increase in Defense spending
o Increased minimum wage to $1.25 per hour
0 Extended unemployment insurance
0 Assisstance to cities with high unemployment
->Peace Corps- a program of volunteers from the U.S. helping poorer people in developing nations of Asia, Africa, Latin America
->Billions of dollars in aid to Latin America to prevent the spread of Communism
->Space program-was greatly increased with the goal of placing a man on the moon
->1963-Kennedy calls for a national assault on poverty; orders Justice Department to investigate racial injustice in the South
Johnson's "Great Society"
Civil Rights Act of 1964
->Prohibits discrimination based on race, religion, national origin and gender; gave the federal govt. new powers to enforce this
Voting Rights Act (1965)
->Ended literacy tests and allows federal govt. to monitor elections
Economic Opportunity Act (Aug. 1964)
o Johnson declares "Unconstitutional War on Poverty"
*Early 1964
Creates:
->Job Corps-youth job training
->VISTA- Volunteers in Service to America (like a domestic Peace Corps.)
->Head Start-preschool education program for poor children
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
->First major federal program to help schools
Medicare
->Low cost medical care for Americans over 65
Medicaid
->Medical care for poor people on welfare
Immigration Act of 1965
->Took away some restrictions-opened the door for many Asians to immigrate to the U.S.
Water Quality Act; Air Quality Act
->First laws to protect the environment from pollution
Reforms of the Warren Court
~The U.S. Supreme Court in the 1950s and 1960s under Chief Justice Earl Warren takes a liberal view and makes changes in America~
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
->Segregation in public schools is inherently unequal
Banned prayer in public schoools
->1st Amendment; seperation of church and state
Reappointment
->"One person, one vote"
->Drew new lines for voting districts. This gave nore votes to minorities who were packed into urban districts.
-Bakers v. Carr (1962)
Mapp v. Ohio
-Evidence seized illegally [without a warrant] cannot be used in court
Gideon v. Wainwright
->Govt. must provide a lawyer to criminals who can't afford one
Escobedo v. Illinois
->Right to have a lawyer present when being questioned by police
Miranda v. Arizona
->People who are arrested must be read their rights before being questioned by police