Nationalism
Wilhelm
-Deep devotion to one's nation
-Rivalry
-Competition for dominance
Imperialism
-Fierce competition for colonies in Asia and Africa
-Competition for economic power
Militarism
-Glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war
-Arms race/arms build-up
Alliances
-Nations agree to fight for each other
Before the war:
Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Triple Entente-France, Great Britain, and Russia
WWI Begins-July 28, 1914
Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist
Trench Warfare
Boths sides of the fighting looked similar. The middle of the two trenches was known as "No Man's Land" because it was almost impossible to survive there.
Why the U.S. Enters the War
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Germany attacks merchant and passanger ships
British Propoganda
"Germans are barbarians!"
President Wilson
"The world is unsafe for democracy"
Zimmerman Note
Secret letter from Germany
encourages Mexico to attack the U.S.
Economic Ties
Loans to British and French
U.S. businesses had been loaning money to the Allies more.
They wanted England and France to win so they would get their money back
Russia Withdraws
5.5 million soldiers killed in WWI
Food and fuel shortages- because of the war people were starving
The Czar abdicates March 1917
Czar's government collapses
Bolsheviks take over
Led by Vladimir Lenin
Nov. 1917
Marxist/Communist government
Lenin does not want to support a capitalist war
The War at Home
Business/ Goverment Cooperation
Government controls industry
W.I.B.- War Industries Board
--set production quotas
--allocated raw materials increase
Other Agencies:
-Railroad Admin.
-Fuel Admin.
-National War Labor Board
Conservation of food and resources
--People grow their own "Victory Gardens"
Jobs increase- testing to help people find the right jobs
Selling the War
George Creel heads the Committee on Public Information
--75,000 "Four Minute Men" sell the war with 60 million pamphlets, booklets, and leaflets
Attacks on Civil Liberties
Anti-immigrant, anti-German, Austro-Hungarian hysteria
-Lost Jobs
-Lynchings
Espionage and Sedition Act- Prohibited saying anything bad about the govt. or anything that would make young men not want to go to war. Led to Attacks on Socialists, labor leaders, and conscientioud objectors
--violated First Amendment right of free speech
Social Changes
Great Migration of African Americans
African Amerifcans move from the south to war industry jobs in the north
The war provides new job oppurtunities for African Americans
Lived in crowded, segregated ghettoes
Race riots in some cities. White workers angry at blacks for being strikebreakers and taking their jobs
Women
--Moved into war jobs that were formerly held by men
--However, after the war they lost their jobs.
--They did win more respect.
-19th Amendment (1920)- Women finally win the right to vote after WWI.
Flu Epidemic
1918-500,000 Americans died in one year. More than were killed in WWI.
40 million die worldwide
Treaty of Versailles
President Wilson's 14 Points
-Countries should agree to terms which will create a world where war will never happen again
-Create a League of Nations:
