Monday, September 15, 2008

U.S. History Chapter 3 Notes

"Growth of A New Nation"

Timeline

1793


  1. Samuel Slater- establishes first textile factory in the U.S.
  2. Beginning of the Industrial Revolution
  3. Eli Whitney- invents the cotton gin
  4. Cotton industry grows in South
  5. Slavery increases

1800

  1. Thomas Jefferson- elected president
  2. Simple decentralized government

1803

  1. John Marshall- U.S. Supreme Court Justice
  2. Marbury v. Madison- establishes judicial review
  3. Supreme court can declare acts of Congress and the President unconstitutional- "Judicial review"
  4. Lewis and Clark- explore Louisiana territory

1812

  1. War of 1812 "War hawks" in the south and west demand war after British impressments of U.S. sailors at sea.
  2. War again against Great Britain
  3. August 1814- British destroy Washington D.C.
  4. Jan. 8, 1815- Andrew Jackson and U.S. troops win Battle of New Orleans

1820

  1. Missouri Compromise- No slave states allowed above 36°30’ north latitude
  2. Differing views between the North and South states
  3. Struggle for the Union of our country

1823

  1. Monroe Doctrine- President Monroe
  2. Warns European powers not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere.
  3. U.S. will not interfere in Europe

Timeline (cont.)

1828

  1. Andrew Jackson- elected president
  2. Supports common people of the South and West vs. wealthy Northern industrialists

1830

  1. Trail of Tears- Native Americans in the South are removed to the west by President Jackson
  2. White settlers want land for profit
  3. Many die

1845

  1. John L. O'Sullivan uses term Manifest Destiny
  2. Americans have a divine right to spread their culture

a. Native American and Mexican lands

b. All the way to Pacific ocean

1836

  1. U.S. settlers stream west

a. Oregon Trail

b. Santa Fe Trail

2. March 6- Texas lose battle of the Alamo to Mexico

3. July- Texas wins independence

a. Sam Houston- first elected president

1846

  1. War with Mexico begins under U.S. president Polk

1848

  1. February 2- Treaty of Guadalupe
  2. U.S. agrees to pay Mexico $15 million

a. California

b. Nevada

c. New Mexico

d. Utah

e. Wyoming

f. most of Colorado

3. June 6- Gold Rush to California begins

Reform Movements in the Early 1800s

Abolitionist Movement

  1. By 1820s- Americans start to call for an end to slavery
  2. Mostly in the North

William Lloyd Garrison

  1. Strongest voice against slavery
  2. Published The Liberator newspaper

Frederick Douglass

  1. Former slave, escaped to freedom
  2. Self- educated
  3. Excellent speaker
  4. Spoke out against slavery

Nat Turner's Rebellion

  1. Organized 50 slaves
  2. Revolted and killed 60 whites (1831)
  3. Fear of slaves rebellions in the South

Uncle Tom's Cabin

  1. 1852- Harriet Beecher Stowe writes a huge bestseller novel about the cruelty of slsvery

Sojourner Truth

  1. Former Slave
  2. Powerful speaker against slavery and women's rights

Seneca Falls Convention

  1. 1848- Equality for women
  2. Organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Women

  1. Became more a more powerful force
  2. Worked in reform movements for change in America

The Market Revolution

Americans make what they need for themselves

Americans buy and sell to get what they need

SHOES- CLOTHES- TOOLS

Inventions

*1837- Telegraph, Samuel F.B. Morse

*1807- Steamboat, Robert Fulton

*1816-1860- Canals

*steel plows- John Deere

*Reaper- Cyrus McCormick

*Cotton gin- Eli Whitney

Factories/Manufacturing

*Huge machines powered by steam

*Factories grew in Northern cities while south stuck with cotton and agriculture

*Textile mills are the first factories

Factories

workers

1845- Immigrants- Irish potato famine

Poor working conditions

Low pay

strikes

National Trades Union

First unions organized

Commonwealth V. Hunt

First case supporting unions

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